WEEK Four OF SUMMER SESSION 2, 2021
CLASS LOGISTICS
Midterm 2 will cover Chapter 15 and 16.
Notes from review session:
Notes from review session:

[che_118b]_review_session_midterm_2.pdf |
Chapter 15 continued: Aromaticity and benzenes
electrophilic aromatic substitution & Reaction #1: halogenation
Substitution of an unsubstituted benzene's hydrogen with an electrophile (E+)
Reaction #2: Sulfonation of benzene
Reaction #3: Nitration of benzene
reaction #4 & 5: friedel-crafts alkylation + Acylation
Note: both reactions do not occur with a deactivating group/ meta-directing group attached
Chapter 16: Electrophilic addition and synthetic reactions of substituted benzenes
Concept #1: Electron donating vs electron withdrawing groups
Activating (aka Electron Donating) groups:
-R, -Ph, -OH, -OR, -NH2, -NHR, -NR2, -NHCOR (these increase the rate of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution) Deactivating (aka Electron Withdrawing) groups: -X, -CN, -SO3H, -CO2H, -CO2R, --CHO, --COR, -NO2, -N+R3 (Nitrogen with 3 additional groups attached), -CF3, -CCl3 (these decrease the rate of E.A.S.) -ALL activating groups are ortho and para directors -Deactivating groups are meta directing EXCEPT for halogens, which are ortho and para directors |
Reaction #1: reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline
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REACTION #2: REDUCTION OF a carbonyl
REACTION #3: REDUCTION OF A CARBONYL
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REACTION #4: Protecting anilines by reacting with acyl halides (Aniline -> acetanilide)
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